Osteocondrosis is a degenerative-dynist spinal disease based on intervertebral discs.The development of degenerative disease of the spine is facilitated by prolonged microtraumatization, excessive static and dynamic load, hereditary predisposition, and advanced age.The most common localization of lesion is the cervical and lumbar spine.The reason for this is their highest mobility and load.
The general concept of osteochondrosis
The intervertebral disk will lose its fluid over time and lose its shock -abrasion function.Less resistant to physical effort.The fibrous ring, which is located on the periphery of the plate, gradually thinner, and cracks.The pulpic core shifts on the periphery in the formed cracks and formProtub(Local protrusion, 1 degree).Due to intense physical activity, the protrusion can be cramped and may move into the spinal canal lumen.In this case, they talk about the disk of the disk (2 degrees).Sometimes the free fragments of the core may form -SegregatesOr
In the initial stages of the disease, the pain can be explained by the excess of the fibrous ring and the irritation of the posterior longitudinal ligament.The pain can be localized locally in the back or neck as well as in remote areas.In the case of cervical osteochondrosis, the pain is reflected in the head, blade and area space, in the shoulder carrier and hand.
The pain is accompanied by the reflex rice of the segmental muscles.This phenomenon has a protective nature and stabilizes a specific part of the spinal column.Over time, the contraction of the muscles becomes an independent source of pain.When it moves towards the intervertebral hole, the hernia clamps the adjacent nerve roots.Radical pain has a shooting, penetrating nature that is clearly localized when nerve innervation.Comes with appropriate neurological manifestations:
- decrease in sensitivity;
- Failure of reflexes;
- muscle weakness.
Degeneration of the plate violates the normal anatomical ratio between the components of the spinal column: plates, vertebrae, joints and ligaments.A gradual decrease in the height of the intervertebral disc leads to changes in joint relationships and the development of vertebral subluxation and dislocations.This fact indicates the instability of the spinal column and reduces resistance to injuries, which can lead to aggravation of osteochondrosis.
According to age, the stability of the spine is restored to the formation of osteophytes, the hypertrophy of the joint processes, the fibrosis of the plates, the thickening of joint ligaments and capsules.The final stage of the pathological process is called spondylosis.The pain disappears from that time.
The main symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis
At the level of cervical segments, nerve roots and arteries, spinal cord and vessels, and spinal arteries can be composed.The spinal cord is possible due to the rear intervertebral hernia or the rear osteophytes.People with a narrow spinal canal are particularly prone to this.In the case of hernia, the compression signs of the cervical osteochondrosis are quite rapidly developing and the symptoms of cerebrospinal fluvin flow are softer.
From a clinical point of view, it is very difficult to distinguish the spinal compression of tumors and hernia.Osteochondrosis of the cervical spine is the cramping of the legs, the sensitivity driving disorders, the pain and the weakness of the hands.In some cases, the compression signals are combined with signs of ischemia signs of spinal cord material, which have resulted as a result of compression of the spinal artery and radical blood vessels.
Symptoms of damage to the anterior horns and ventral classes may occur suddenly with the involvement of pyramid paths (blood supply to the spine of the spine).The spinal front syndrome occurs: slow paresis of the arms, the cramping of the legs, the impaired sphincter function.Occasionally symptoms of coarse violation of deep sensitivity develop in the hands.After 2-3 weeks, the signs of the spinal cord begin to regress.In terms of the amount of abnormal focus, we can say the severity of the remaining phenomena.
Cervix myelopathy
Myelopathy is a chronic ischemization of cervical osteochondrosis.Compression of blood vessels plays a major role in the development of syndrome.The most common is the defeat of the ventral parts of the side columns and the first horns.This is done with the cramping paresis of the arms, spastic paresis of the legs, violation of the deep sensitivity of the legs (classic triple).
Many patients have a Lermitta symptom: the feeling of passing the electrical discharge along the spine through irradiation of hands and feet.It is possible to develop side amyotrophic sclerosis without a party symptom.
MRI and CT play an important role in strengthening myalopathy, which explore the shell's compression with osteophytes and a thickened yellow knot.
Signs of radical compression
Because the underlying discs wear out faster, spondylarthosis develops in the right segments.The osteophytes narrow the intervertebral holes and press the roots (more often in the lumbar level, the compression of the disk hernia in the epidural space).When moving the head of growth, the spine is damaged, which causes edema formation, which further narrows the intervertebral hole.Develop reactive inflammatory reactions.
Clinical manifestations:
- C3 -Koreshok (2 cervix under the vertebrae, quite rarely occurring) - pain in the right half of the neck, feeling of swelling of the tongue, feeling of coma in the throat;
- C4 -Koreshok - Pain in the right shoulder flow, wrist, trapezoidal muscle atrophy, decrease in cervical muscles (irritation of the root of 3 and 4 cervix increases the sound of the membrane, which is to shift the liver and the appearance of papardic pain in the liver);
- C5 -dekor - Pain in the shoulder's neck and outer surface, deltoid muscle hypotropy;
- C6 -KORSHOK (one of the most common localizations) -cervical pain, blades, shoulders, the radial surface of the forearm extends to 1 finger, the weakness of the two -headed muscle biceps;
- The C7-Koreshok-Pain spreads to 2-3 fingers, accompanied by paresthesia with the weakness of the three-headed muscle;
- C8 -Koreshok - The pain extends to the end of the forearm elbow to the finger 5, accompanied by paraesthesia.
Cervical reflex syndrome
Acute cervical pains (rogues, cervical) are rarely chronic or subacute pain.The main sources of pain syndrome are a fibrous ring, the back longitudinal ligament, the joint capsule, the tense muscles.Krivosheya is not as pronounced as the curvature of the spine at the lumbar level.
The pain hurts, radiating to the back of the head.Enhance driving or longer stays in a situation.During the palpation, the pain of the painkillers and the capsules is determined (along the back surface of the 3-4 cm neck is side like spicy processes).Participation is typical not only in the process of the back, but also in the first muscles of the spine (front stairs, etc.).
Front stairs
Muscle tension of the stairs is very often due to the cervical osteochondrosis.The muscle is determined by the side of the sternum-coat-shaped muscle, in the form of stressful grade, dense and increased size compared to the healthy side.Due to the tension, the compression of supravical blood vessels, accompanied by pain and swelling in its hands, damaged sensitivity and motor activity (along the nerve of the elbow).The pain increases in a horizontal position.
Small chest muscle syndrome
The development mechanism is similar to the previous one.The compression of the vascular frozen beam occurs between the muscle and the shoulder bone (or the Corave process) under increased abduction of the hand.Chest pain, hand, hand, hand.
Existing properties are often considered to be pain in the heart with VSD (no acute attacks, no effect of nitroglycerin or sedatives, increased symptoms during movement and pain points).
The rear sympathetic syndrome
Disomotor disorders as a result of irritation of the sympathetic plexus of the spinal artery.The branches of the plexus are located in the tissues of the brain and the skull.Clinically dizziness, ears ringing, spectacular disorders, anxiety.
Compression with osteophytes from the spinal column joints, compression with atherosclerotic damage, compression with osteophytes from the spinal column joints is an important pathogenetic factor in the development of insufficiency of the brain and spinal arteries.
Conclusion
In most cases, the pain in the hands and neck is caused by osteocondrosis of the cervix.In some patients, pain is caused by intervertebral disk hernia, others - osteophytes and arthrosis of the spinal joints.Each of these options can lead to local or reflected pain, radicular syndrome and myelopathy.When examining patients with cervical pain, pathologies that are:
- spine tumors;
- epidural abscess;
- spondylitis;
- subarachnoid bleeding;
- meningitis;
- Hall abscess;
- stratification of the cervical artery;
- Fracture of cervical vertebrae.